So far I was using VPN to connect to my university network when I needed to download a paper from home, but that meant to temporarily lose my network connection, with all the hassle attached.
Today I discovered a much simpler method:
1) Open a ssh port forwarding to the remote machine (university server with IEEE or ACM subscription) in this way:
ssh -D 8080 -N <username>@<server address> &
where -D indicated the local port to forward, and -N avoid opening a shell.
2) Download the FoxyProxy Firefox extension, and configure in order to use a proxy on localhost:8080.
3) Add rules to FoxyProxy so that the proxy is active only when needed (*.ieee.*, *.acm.* etc…).
Thanks to Timo Reimann for having suggested that.